项目

临时居留最长可达 18 个月；前一次居留期满后 6 个月才可提交新的数字游民居留申请。

匈牙利面向第三国数字游民的 White Card 居留许可结构化记录，涵盖境外工作、境外公司所有权和收入要求。

首次临时居留许可有效 1 年；续签最多可再给 2 年，申请应至少在到期前 1 个月递交。

The route starts with a national digital nomad visa of up to 12 months, followed by a residence permit of up to 2 years if the applicant continues to meet the conditions.

The visa leads to an Italian residence permit requested at the competent Questura within 8 working days of arrival; the permit is issued for up to 1 year and may be renewed if requirements continue to be met.

拉脱维亚面向在 OECD 国家受雇或自雇远程工作者的一年长期 D 签证结构化项目记录。

该项目支持长期签证或长期居留申请；商业长期签证最长 1 年，更长停留通常需要长期居留规划。

The digital nomad permit is temporary and may be issued for up to one year; a new digital nomad permit can be requested only after a six-month gap after expiry.

数字游民签证是最长 365 天的临时签证依据；爱沙尼亚 D 签证停留限制会约束连续长期签证时间。

数字游民路径始于 D/AS 长期签证，通常授予 90 天；之后通过移民机关在罗马尼亚境内延长居留。

居留许可路线适用于计划停留超过 1 年的申请人；入境后应预期葡萄牙居住和 AIMA 居留卡手续。

Applicants can apply from outside Spain through a consulate or, if legally in Spain, through the UGE residence authorization route.

Ministry of Interior 表示，数字移动工作者的统一许可首次签发时最长为 1 year，前提是外国国民正在阿尔巴尼亚合法停留。官方费用表也列出了续签费用。

续签需要证明过去 12 个月内在马耳他累计居住至少 5 个月。

官方数字游民门户称，临时居留许可最长可签发 2 年，可再延长最多 2 年；再次签发只能在 6 个月冷却期之后。

Pay Limit Scheme 是丹麦面向高薪雇佣的居留和工作许可路线；许可期限和续签取决于工作以及条件是否持续满足。

保加利亚单一居留和工作许可最长签发 3 年；如果劳动合同期限更短，则按合同期限签发。

欧盟委员会欧盟蓝卡页面称，保加利亚标准有效期为 5 年但至少 24 个月；合同较短时为合同期限加 3 个月，且最长 24 个月。

普通居留和工作许可通常与雇佣依据及合同相连；有效期要按类别和当前警察机关实践确认。

修订后的外国人法将欧盟蓝卡有效期设为最长 48 个月；合同更短时有效期可能更短。

匈牙利 Hungarian Card 结构化路线记录，涵盖高技能类别、文件、有效期和欧盟蓝卡比较。

匈牙利欧盟蓝卡结构化路线记录，涵盖 2026 年薪资门槛、资质、文件、家庭、流动性和定居。

卢森堡首张欧盟蓝卡有效期为 4 年；如果雇佣合同短于 4 年，则为合同期限加 3 个月。

塞浦路斯受雇工作许可可最长连续 3 年，而普通就业停留通常上限为 4 年，除非适用豁免。

塞浦路斯欧盟蓝卡签发 6 个月至 3 年；除合同更短外，最低有效期为 24 个月。

The Austrian EU Blue Card is issued for 24 months and ties settlement and employment to the specific employer approved in the application.

The Red-White-Red Card is generally issued for 24 months and ties settlement and employment to the employer or self-employed activity specified in the application.

The E.4 dependent employment permit duration is variable subject to conditions under the Greek service record.

Greece's EU Blue Card is generally issued for 2 years, or for the contract period plus 3 months if the contract is shorter.

The German EU Blue Card is issued for the employment contract duration plus three months, up to four years, and can lead to settlement after 27 months or 21 months with B1 German.

Italy's EU Blue Card is a residence permit for highly qualified employment; the employee must apply for the residence permit within 8 days of entering Italy after the employer-side process and visa stage.

拉脱维亚就业居留许可结构化路线记录，涵盖 SEA 意见、行业工资、OCMA 担保、文件、有效期和定居。

拉脱维亚欧盟蓝卡结构化路线记录，涵盖 2026 年薪资门槛、资质、雇主担保、文件、家庭和定居。

Employee Card 按雇佣或工作许可期限签发，最长有效期为 2 年。

捷克欧盟蓝卡有效期为雇佣合同期限加 3 个月，最长 3 年。

Slovakia's employment residence is granted for the expected employment duration; a single permit is generally up to 2 years, while certain Slovak graduates may receive up to 5 years.

Slovakia issues the EU Blue Card for 5 years, or for the Labour Office confirmation period plus 90 days if that period is shorter.

The Employment Service of Slovenia states that the first single permit is issued for the employment or work contract period, but for no more than 2 years; extensions may be up to 3 years.

The Slovenian Employment Service states that an EU Blue Card is issued for 2 years, or for the employment contract period plus 3 months if shorter, capped at 2 years; renewal can be up to 3 years.

Belgium's single permit is the work-and-residence route for employment over 90 days; regional work authorisation and federal residence approval are assessed in one procedure.

Belgium's EU Blue Card is a combined work-and-residence route for highly qualified employment; validity is generally 1 to 3 years depending on the employment contract and regional implementation.

France issues the Talent - EU Blue Card for the employment contract duration, up to four years where the contract lasts at least two years; shorter contracts receive the contract duration plus three months within a two-year cap.

The French Talent residence card for qualified employee routes is generally valid for the same period as the employment contract, up to a maximum of four years.

波兰临时居留和工作许可按停留目的所需期限签发，超过 3 个月，最长 3 年。

根据当前公开指引，波兰欧盟蓝卡按合同期限加 3 个月签发，最长有效期为 3 年。

Critical Skills Employment Permit 面向 2 年工作邀约签发；许可期满后，符合条件的持有人可向移民机关申请无需进一步就业许可即可居留和工作的许可。

就业临时居留许可最长可签发 5 年；若条件持续满足，可续签。

爱沙尼亚按雇佣期限加 3 个月签发欧盟蓝卡，最长 2 年 3 个月；续签每次最长 4 年 3 个月。

瑞典工作许可最长可签发 2 年，但不得超过雇佣合同或护照有效期；如要求继续满足，可申请延期。

瑞典可签发至少 9 个月、最长 4 年的欧盟蓝卡，期限受雇佣关系、护照有效期和决定书所列条件限制。

居留许可按工作许可或工作期限签发，但通常不超过 2 年。

欧盟门户称许可签发和续签为 3 年；若合同更短，则为合同期限加 3 个月。

罗马尼亚 2026 年修订规定，普通临时工作居留按合同期限授予，最长 2 年。

罗马尼亚 2026 年修订规定，高度合格临时工作居留按合同期限加 3 个月授予，最长 3 年。

首次专家居留许可最长可签发 2 年；如果雇佣期限更短，则按雇佣期限签发。

芬兰欧盟蓝卡最长可签发 2 年；较短雇佣可按雇佣期限加 3 个月签发。

The Dutch EU Blue Card is tied to qualifying employment. IND states that the permit is valid until three months after the employment contract ends, with a maximum validity of five years.

The Highly Skilled Migrant permit is tied to employment with an IND-recognised sponsor. IND states that the permit is valid for the same period as the contract or job, up to five years.

葡萄牙受雇工作临时居留许可通常自发卡起有效 2 年，并在当前 AIMA 指引下可按连续 3 年周期续签。

葡萄牙欧盟蓝卡是高度合格活动的居留身份；AIMA 负责国家申请和成员国流动程序。

葡萄牙高度合格活动居留许可通常自发卡起有效 2 年，并在当前 AIMA 指引下可按连续 3 年周期续签。

KEI 首次许可有效期为 1 年；如继续满足条件，之后可续签最长 3 年。

马耳他 Single Permit 是与就业绑定的临时居留许可，适用于超过 6 个月的工作，通常按年续签。

SEI 根据马耳他 Single Permit Regulations 提交，并与马耳他的具体就业岗位绑定。

马耳他首次签发的 EU Blue Card 有效期为 2 年；如合同更短，则为合同期加 3 个月。

Startup Denmark 面向非欧盟/EEA 初创创始人；其商业计划需先由 Startup Denmark 专家小组批准，再向 SIRI 申请居留和工作许可。SIRI 表示首次许可最长可签发 2 年，续签每次最长 3 年。

保加利亚 StartUp Visa 是高科技和/或创新项目证书。部长部将其描述为官方文件，可支持希望在保加利亚发展创新或高科技业务的非欧盟创始人申请居留许可。保加利亚居留类别区分短期停留和连续居留，连续居留最长可许可 1 年。

第三国自雇国民的居留许可自抵达声明起最长有效 3 年；如持续满足条件，可续签新的最长 3 年期限。

The Red-White-Red Card for self-employed key workers and start-up founders is issued for up to 24 months and ties settlement to the approved self-employed activity or start-up purpose.

The residence permit for self-employment is initially issued for up to three years; freelancer permits are initially limited to a maximum of three years and can be extended if the activity supports the applicant and family.

UDI 的技术工作者指引允许在挪威拥有企业的自雇人士申请居留许可，前提是申请人有必要居住在挪威，并积极参与企业的建立和运营。该企业通常是个人独资企业，申请人只能在该企业中工作，首次许可按一年一次签发。

Slovakia's route for independent operators is temporary residence for the purpose of business. Ministry of Economy guidance says that, as of 1 July 2025, applications for granting temporary residence for business are accepted exclusively at Slovak diplomatic missions abroad. IOM guidance states temporary residence for business can be granted for the period necessary for the business, up to 3 years.

Professional-card validity depends on the competent region and right of residence. Brussels and Wallonia state that a first card is generally issued on a probationary basis for two years and can be valid for up to five years.

The VLS-TS entrepreneur/profession liberale route is valid for one year if validated after arrival; the related residence card has a maximum duration of one year and can lead to renewal or a multi-year card if conditions continue to be met.

临时居留许可按目的签发，可覆盖实现停留目的所需期限，超过三个月，最长三年。

爱尔兰移民局将 STEP 描述为允许创新企业家建立业务并全职居住在爱尔兰的许可。欧盟移民门户材料称，成功申请人和提名家庭成员获得 2 年居留，并可在合规检查下申请再续 3 年。

瑞典移民局说明，经营自己企业的居留许可最长可签发两年，且不得超过护照有效期，并可申请延期。

EU/EFTA self-employed persons who prove genuine self-employment can receive a B EU/EFTA residence permit generally valid for 5 years. Third-country self-employed admission is more restrictive, quota-sensitive, canton-led, and depends on the specific permit granted.

创新型 startup 创始人路线；许可签发 2 年，续签 3 年。

首次申请通常在境外递交。若申请人拥有覆盖整个许可期的资金，初创企业家首次许可可签发 2 年；续签许可最长可达 4 年。

The self-employed residence permit is purpose-based. IND describes an initial validity of up to two years, with extension possible if the self-employed conditions continue to be met.

匈牙利 Guest Investor 签证和居留许可的结构化路线记录，涵盖基金、捐赠、家庭、工作、续签和居留规划。

土耳其特殊入籍路径以投资为主导，并以决定为准；递交前应分别核查居留、房产、税务、银行和家庭事实。

塞浦路斯投资者 Immigration Permit 授予无限期居留权，但居留卡签发为 10 年并需更换。若持有人和家属取得国外永久居留，或离开塞浦路斯 2 年，许可会终止。

根据政府路线页面，安道尔无工作居留要求主申请人在安道尔拥有主要且实际居所，并且每个日历年至少居住 90 days。

Greece's investor residence permit is valid for 5 years and can be renewed while the qualifying investment or lease remains in force; applicants should separately check tax residence and naturalisation presence rules.

Italy's Investor Visa leads to a 2-year investor residence permit that can renew for further 3-year periods if the original investment or donation is maintained. The programme guidance says continuity-of-presence obligations do not apply after obtaining the investor residence permit, but tax residence, long-term residence, and citizenship planning are separate.

拉脱维亚通过公司资本、房地产、次级银行债务或政府证券取得投资者居留的路线记录。

AIMA 表示 ARI 持有人第 1 年至少在葡萄牙停留 7 天，之后周期至少 14 天。投资居留许可有效 2 年，并在维持投资条件时按 2 年续签。

原则批准后的正式申请通常需要在申请日前至少 8 个月的马耳他居住、合适住宅和与马耳他的联系；最终授予仍属自由裁量。

证书在条件持续满足时授予在马耳他无限期居住、定居或停留的权利；前五年每年接受合规监控，之后由机构酌情检查。

短期居留许可适用于超过 90 days 且不超过 180 days 的停留。该许可不可续签，并且在任何 12-month period 内只能获批一次。

列支敦士登居留受配额控制，并按目的类别处理。EEA 居留许可受年度配额限制，第三国人士居留属于例外情形；具体许可期限取决于获批类别。